Job description
A job description sets out a role's responsibilities, requirements and context. It serves two audiences — candidates deciding whether to apply, and interviewers deciding what to assess — and most are written for neither.
Long lists of requirements measurably reduce applications from candidates who would meet the actual bar, with a stronger effect among under-represented groups. Separating genuine essentials from preferences widens the pool without lowering the standard.
A job description is also the natural place to define what interviewers will assess, which is what makes structured interviewing possible downstream.