Situational interview
A situational interview presents hypothetical scenarios — "what would you do if…" — and assesses the candidate's reasoning. It is useful where the candidate has no direct prior experience of the situation, such as when hiring into a step-up role.
Situational questions measure judgement and reasoning rather than track record. That makes them valuable for internal promotions and career-changers, and weaker where demonstrated experience is the actual requirement.
They are most reliable when the scenario is drawn from a real situation the role will face, and when strong and weak answers have been defined in advance.